RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Back to Markowitz JF The Journal of Wealth Management FD Institutional Investor Journals SP 43 OP 53 DO 10.3905/jwm.2007.684878 VO 10 IS 1 A1 Jeffrey E. Horvitz A1 Jarrod W Wilcox YR 2007 UL https://pm-research.com/content/10/1/43.abstract AB Certain practitioners experienced with advising wealthy individual investors have argued that Markowitz optimization for individuals is difficult to explain, implement, and maintain as long-term policy. Instead of portfolio optimization from Modern Portfolio Theory, these proposals use behavioral finance as the basis for asset allocation and encourage individuals to formally incorporate their cognitive biases, particularly “mental accounting,” into their personal investment policy. A recent proposal by Chhabra advocates using three separate portfolios, i.e. “buckets,” each with different risk and return characteristics, to correspond to how wealthy investors seem to think about their investments. The authors show that these behavioral approaches are sub-optimal, sometimes seriously so, and the buckets can work at cross purposes with each other. Compartmentalization can lead to poor tax results, sub-optimal diversification, and inefficient asset allocation.TOPICS: Portfolio theory, portfolio construction, in wealth management, risk management